If youve ever made cream puffs, this twice-cooked dough technique may be already familiar to you. Pulse until blended. Gundrys ads are like cockroaches. They put me into a really bad mood. and use promo code GUNDRY to get 8 single-serving packets with any LMNT order. VEGAN VERSION: Replace the egg with 1 VeganEgg. Raise the heat to medium-high again and bring to a boil. VEGAN VERSION: Replace the eggs With 5 VeganEggs; substitute 1 block of tempeh, coarsely chopped, for the sausage, adding 1 teaspoon fennel seeds. MAKE THE DRESSING. Pour the wet ingredients into the dry ingredients and mix unIil all ingredients are well incorporated. If you are hooked on tater tots, or just like finger food, these broccoli puffs are in easy twist on the classic. Inspired by Jimmy Schmidt, of Morgans in the Desert at the La Quinta Resort and Club, I simplified his dish and omitted the deep-frying for a baked version. Here is a list of other foods that are high in lectins: Dr. Gundry recommends a diet low in lectins by consuming the following foods: Although Dr. Gundry is a proponent of eliminating or reducing lectin intake, you may wonder if its vital to avoid lectins altogether. I recommend bookmarking this page on your computer, phone or tablet for easy access (it makes it into an app on your home screen). t your caffeine x with this delicious treat. More research must be done to substantiate the health benefits of eliminating dietary lectins. If you want to eat like a Kitavan Islander, youve got to use cassava flour. We get a commission when you buy through us. Check them out: 211: 3 fake foods (and what to eat instead), 226: Surprising foods that flip your fat switch, 225: The desserts and snacks you SHOULD eat, The BITTER TRUTH About Sugar & How Its DESTROYING Your Health. These easy lectin-free recipes and gluten-free recipes follow Dr. Gundry's guidelines to healthy eating and contain everything you need for breakfast, lunch, Breakfast Easy Recipes 115 Show detail Preview View more WATCH AND SUBSCRIBE TO THE DR. GUNDRY CHANNEL ON YOUTUBE. You can nd freeze-dried unsweetened cranberries at Trader Joes or Whole Foods, or online at Amazon. Sprinklewith salt. And since nobody is eating raw kidney beans or rice, we dont have to worry. Watch the video below to hear Dr. Gundry explain the Plant Paradox 3-Day Cleanse. VEGETARIAN VERSION: Omit the collagen. Phases 23 Serves 2 Prep time: 30 minutes Cook time: 35 minutes, CRUST Extra-virgin olive oil for greasing the pan 1 small head cauliflower, cut into small florets 1 pastured or omega-3 egg, lightly beaten 1/2 cup shredded buffalo or goat mozzarella 1/2 teaspoon sea salt, preferably iodized 1/2 teaspoon cracked black pepper 1/2 teaspoon dried oregano, TOPPlNG Chopped vegetables of your choice (optional) 1 cup grated Pecorino Romano cheese Pinch sea salt, preferably iodized. A few years ago, my wife and I sat down for lunch at Da Silvanos in Manhattan, one of our favorite Italian restaurants. You can grate the cauliower with a cheese grater, using the largest holes, into rice shaped pieces. Heat the oven to 450F. Cut a tiny edge off the corner of the bag, and squeeze as much water out of the bag as possible. Reduce heat to low, cover, and cook for approx. Address: Georgia 31 Helena GA 31037. Process on high until very smooth. This one is the easiest and our best yet. Double the recipe to make two mufns, and reheat the secondmugn the following day to save even more time. Unlike all other grains except millet, sorghum has no hull, meaning no lectins. Add the chicken, and marinate for at least one hour. What it does have is a cornucopia of polyphenols and anticancer properties. Set aside. Whisk together the yogurt, olive oil, tahini, lemon juice, paprika, and sea salt. Slice each cauliower in half. With greased hands, form the mixture into 2-inch balls, and then press down with the palm of your hand to form into 12 patties. Heat the oven to 350F. We love raw food, but sometimes it just needs to be warmed. SHARE, SUBSCRIBE, and RATE THE DR. GUNDRY PODCAST HERE on Apple Podcasts. Just because its healthy doesnt mean it cant be delicious! Preheat the oven to 350F. Dr. Gundry's Recipes Archives - Gundry MD, The Ultimate Plant Paradox Meatloaf - Creative in My Kitchen, Miracle Noodles (shirataki noodles): How To Cook Them, 27 Coconut Flour Recipes You're Sure to Love, Warning: The Truth About Grain-Fed Beef and Your Heart - Gundry MD, You'll Love This Au Gratin Recipe (Wild Substitution! Phases 23 Serves 1 Total time: 2 minutes, 1 scoop GundryMD Vital Reds or 1 tablespoon pomegranate powder 1 scoop GundryMD PrebioThrive or 2 tablespoons ground flaxseed 1 scoop GundryMD Primal Plants (apple flavor), or 1 scoop modified citrus pectin 1/2 green banana, sliced 1 tablespoon extra-virgin coconut oil 1 teaspoon Just Like, Sugar 1/2 cup sugar-free coconut milk 1 1/2 cups tap or filtered water 3 or 4 ice cubes. Required fields are marked *, Copyright 2023 Dr. Gundry. Pulse for 30 seconds, and then blend for 2 minutes. Sadly though, some of these docs *ahem* Hyman *ahem* Gundry *ahem* Oz *ahem* seem to have some trouble intentionally or not with those things. (It may yield as much as 1 cup liquid.) This is malarkey, but a lot of people are looking for a magical, work-free method to drop pounds. getarians can also substitute acceptable Quorn products. You can reheat frozen muffins in the microwave, on high for 1 minute or until warm/hot to the touch. Place in a large bowl. After experiencing this first-hand, I decided to create this interactive guide. Ready To Eat Lectin Free Snacks - No Cooking Required Mission Meats Snack Meat Sticks - No filler, gluten, sugar, or junk. One of the few desserts you can get away with eating for breakfast! I recommend you use Hass avocados for your guacamole (and other recipes). (If using temporary, use the same marinade, but for 30 minutes.). Although his opinion on the dangers of lectin is controversial, he advocates for avoiding lectin in your daily diet, especially if you are gluten-intolerant. MAKE THE CURRY. These include bison, wild game, venison, boar, elk, pork, lamb, beef, and prosciutto. What I Eat In A Day For Better Health & Boosting Energy! MAKE THE DRESSING. Embarrassing. Scoop the batter into the muffin tins, filling to just beneath the rim. Some people especially people with IBS may not tolerate lectin-containing foods. Then, of course, there are ten other supplements for sale, so for only $8,000 or $9,000 a year, you can lick those lectins. Lemon frappucinos, lemon spritzers, lemon meatballsit's like the pumpkin spice of spring. How This Guide to Dr. Gundrys Diet Works. Where Sylvie uses broccoli, I use cauliflowe, rThis is an exciting introduction to cauliflower for people who think they hate it, or another tasty way for cauliflower addicts to get their fix. Phases 2-3 Serves 1 Prep time: 3 minutes Cook time: 2-3 minutes, 1 tablespoon extra-virgin coconut oil, melted 1 tablespoon extra-virgin olive oil or macadamia nut oil 1 tablespoon coconut flour 1 tablespoon almond flour 1/2 teaspoon aluminum-free baking powder 1 pinch sea salt, preferably iodized 1 packet stevia, or 2 teaspoons Just Like Sugar 1 tablespoon water 1 large pastured or omega-3 egg, lightly beaten. Fear notone taste of this easy-to-make salad and youll be hooked! Toss the arugula in the dressing and top with the chicken, adding the lemon zest, if desired. If you are using frozen okra, defrost it first. 1/2 avocado 1 tablespoon finely chopped red onion 1 teaspoon finely chopped cilantro 1 tablespoon freshly squeezed lemon juice Pinch sea salt, preferably iodized 4 romaine lettuce leaves, washed and patted dry. Ingredients (Batch of 24 cookies): cup unsalted grass-fed French or Italian butter (or coconut oil), melted1 cup erythritol1 large egg1 teaspoon vanilla extract2 cups almond flour teaspoon salt1 teaspoonbaking soda2 teaspoons ground ginger1 teaspoon fresh minced ginger teaspoon ground nutmeg teaspoon ground cloves teaspoon ground cinnamon teaspoon ground allspice. Drink 1 tablespoon MCT oil. Bake for 30 to 35 minutes, until the tops start to brown. Remove the turkey, and stir in the kale leaves, mustard, sage, and salt and pepper to taste. Place the tights on the baking sheet, evenly spaced. This dish is a great accompaniment to salmon or another fish. Dr. Gundry also recommends some fruits that are always in season, including bananas, mangoes, papayas, and avocado. They include wild-caught seafood, pastured poultry, omega-3 eggs, and in-season fruits. BioComplete is an overpriced pre/pro/post biotic that contains Tributyrin, Sunfiber, and lactobacillus. The trouble with traditional blueberry pancakes is that theyre loaded with lectins. They have shown to be a great source of antioxidants and may also have antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects, among others. Do not let it get mushy by overcooking. According to Dr. Gundry, the best superfoods to eat are those without lectin. Flip and brownit on the other side. Ingredients2/3 cup olive oil, divided2 green pears, peeled and diced2 tbsp sage2 cups of almond mealzest of 1 orange1/2 cup xylitol2 tspn baking powderthe zest and juice of 1 lemon4 eggs, beaten. You will have approximately 3 cups. Add the lemon juice, olive oil, and eggs and mix until combined. Place a rack in the middle of the oven. As far as his 'lectins cause obesity' claim, this comes from Gundry's theory that the leaky gut from lectins leads to hormonal shifts that cause weight gain. Phases 1-3 Serves 1 Total time: 20 minutes, CAULIFLOWER RICE 1/2 head medium cauliflower, riced 1 tablespoon avocado oil 1 tablespoon freshly squeezed Lemon juice 1/4 teaspoon curry powder 1 pinch sea salt, preferably iodized, 1 1/2 cups cut-up broccoli florets 1 1/2 tablespoons avocado oil pinch sea salt, preferably iodized, 1/2 tablespoon avocado oil 1/2 red onion, thinly sliced 1 pinch sea salt, preferably iodized. Phases 23 Serves 1 Prep time: 3 minutes Cook time: 1 minute, 1/4 cup ground flaxseed 1 teaspoon cinnamon 1 large pastured or omega-3 egg 1 tablespoon extra-virgin coconut oil, melted 1 teaspoon aluminum-free baking powder 1 packet stevia. Or simply carry one to work and it will defrost by lunchtime. These blueberry pancakes are as healthy as they come, without compromising on taste. The book is not throwing the dieter into this lifestyle right away but eventually will lead to it. or 1/2 cup almond butter or 1/2 cup hemp seed hearts 1 tablespoon dried minced onion or 3 tablespoons chopped red onion 1/2 teaspoon sea salt, preferably iodized, or Himalayan salt 1/4 teaspoon cracked black pepper 2 sprigs fresh thyme leaves or 1/2 teaspoon dried thyme 1 tablespoon truffle oil (optional). To serve, top the sauted kale, cabbage and onions withand avocado. His ads are embarrassing and spammy, and so is his behaviour. Note: this makes one giant pancake. Repeat with the other mushroom. A bamboo mat, available in the Asian foods section of most supermarkets, can help you roll tight seaweed wraps. Wait until the first egg is fully incorporated before adding the second. All Rights Reserved. Transfer the cauliower and its liquid to a food processor. Line a standard 6-cup muffin tin with paper liners. Theyre available for 20% off, or more if you buy in bulk. ), and healthy recipes the whole family will love. Saut the chicken strips for about 2 minutes; turn them and saut for another 2 minutes, until cooked through. Season with the 1/4 teaspoon salt. However, some research shows eliminating or reducing lectins can help those with: Many of the foods containing lectins whole grains, beans, nuts, fruits, and vegetables are part of a well-balanced and healthy diet. Autoimmune diseases arent necessarily caused by increased gut permeability; We actually dont know if theyre the result of this condition, or if theyre a symptom. Im a huge fan of curry as a way to consume turmeric, but since most curries are served over rice, thats a nonstarterat least until you are in Phase 3. When stored in an airtight container, muffins will stay fresh five days in the refrigerator or three months in the freezer. Stir occasionally and check to see when the celery root is tender. Dont have a spiralizer? Heat half the olive oil over medium heat, and add the pears and sage. Both good sources of Vitamin C, cranberries and oranges have a natural affinity. You may also want to take a look at Lectin Shield, just make sure you dont add it to your smoothie! Look For two minutes per side, flipping carefully. Phases 2-3 Serves 1 Prep time: to minutes Cook time: 1 minute, 2 tablespoons unsweentened cocoa powder 2 tablespoons Just Like Sugar, Swerve, or xylitol 1/4 teaspoon aluminum-free baking powder 1 large pastured or omega-3 egg 1 tablespoon heavy cow cream 1/2 teaspoon pure vanilla extract 1 teaspoon salted French or Italian butter, goat butter, or grass-fed ghee 1 tablespoon organic smooth or crunchy almond batter. Its a well-known fact that plant-based diets actually decrease inflammation. (It will take three or four layers.) defrosted and patted dry with paper towels, 1/4 teaspoon sea salt, preferably iodized, plus additional for serving, 1 cup broccoli, cut into bite-size pieces, 1/3 cup chopped onion, or 2 tablespoons dried minced onion, 1 teaspoon minced fresh ginger, or 1/2 teaspoon dried ginger, One 13.5-ounce BPA-free can full-fat coconut milk or coconut cream, 1 large sweet potato, peeled and spiralized with the 3-mm blade, 4 tablespoons chopped cilantro or flat-leaf parsley, for garnish, ost people know okra as that slimy vegetable thats found in gumbo or stewed with tomatoes. Add the chopped chocolate and stir untill melted. Add a drizzle of olive oil, if desired. Place the chicken strips in the hot pan and sprinkle with 1 tablespoon of the lemon juice and the salt. Have it for breakfast, lunch, or dinner. Dr. Steven Gundry is a well-known doctor and author who founded Gundry MD, a website dedicated to improving your health through diet, supplements, and nutrition information. In his free time he likes to blog, cook, mixologize, garden and mountain bike. Vegetarians and vegans can refer to the vegetarian and vegan versions of recipes. Transfer to a large bowl. Innerbody Research does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Saute until the pears are tender and the sage is fragrant, then remove from heat and let cool. Check for temperatureit should be warm but not hot. Dr. Gundry explicitly recommends shiitake and maitake mushrooms. Chop the stems and chop the leaves into larger pieces. In this podcast, Dr. Gundry exposes the dangerous truth behind lectins and how they relate to autoimmune disease. When my wife and I want comfort food, our thoughts turn to a hearty mushroom soupbut instead of waiting for several hours, we want it right away! Add the remaining 1 tablespoon avocado oil to the skillet, raisethe heat to high, and add the remaining tablespoons lemon juiceand the salmon. Drizzle each serving with a tablespoon of olive oil or truffle oil. It's . MAKE THE NOODLES. Arrange the avocado and chicken over the lettuce and spread the pesto on top. It will be the consistency of soft-serve ice cream. Add the beans, Italian seasoning, and turkey thigh. You can make a triple batch and refrigerate for up to three days in a covered glass container. Check with your doctor or dietician to ensure this is the right path for your health. Another pro is the cost factor because it is a simple book to read there are no additional costs . Grease your hands with olive oil and knead the mixture to fully combine ingredients. How to Prepare for a Virtual Doctor Visit, The Ten Best & Worst States for Telehealth. The pros are definitely based on the fact that the diet is a gradual lead-up to a plant-based diet. My best friend Jimmy Schmidt, the James Beard Award-winning chef at Morgans in the Desert at the La Quinta Resort and Club, invented this recipe, which I have modied ever so slightly for the Plant Paradox Program. The balsamic vinegar contains resveratrol, one of the most powerful polyphenol compounds, which does wonders for youand the inner you. Be sure to buy it at theGundry Wellness Ambassadors website(links above) because it always has the best prices (typically 30-40% off list). Unknown Speaker 0:13 Today, I'm going to tell you the number one food worse than sugar and your mind habits sitting in your pantry. Gundry claims that lectins breach the intestinal barrier and trigger our immune system, causing inflammation. Wash your hands between every few tots to prevent sticking. 17. Using tongs or your hands, add the artichokes to the bag and shake to lightly cover. BREAKFAST:Green Smoothie with 1 tablespoon added MCT oil SNACK:1/4 cup macadamia nuts or Romaine Lettuce Boats Filledwith Guacamole LUNCH:Quorn Chikn Cutlets and cabbage slaw wrapped inlettuce with 2 tablespoons avocado mayonnaise andsliced avocado. Heat a skillet over medium heat. Bosc, or Anjou], cored and grated, 1/2 cup torn fresh mint leaves, plus additional for serving, 2 ounces Pecorino de Fossa or Parmigiano Reggiano cheese, shaved, 2 cups of broccoli florettes, steamed until tender, 1/4 cup grated parmesan cheese or nutritional yeast. Mix in the sweet potato pure, coconut milk, and eggs. Kohlrabi is a member of the cruciferous vegetable family that no one seems to know what to do with. Youve definitely seen his ads on social media. Gundry MD Olive Oil is getting rave reviews, and having rapidly gone through a bottle myself (next time Im getting three! Add the butter, if desired, and the Parmesan. What it does have is a cornucopia of polyphenols and anticancer properties. Heat the oven to 350F. A 1973 study on fat cells. Serve the fritters fresh out of the skillet with the yogurt sauce on the side. Total Restore is another overpriced Gundry product that purportedly promotes a healthy gut lining.. minced, or 1/2 teaspoon garlic powder 2 tablespoons extra-virgin olive oil or avocado oil 1 pound dried large lima beans, rinsed and picked through 4 cups vegetable stock or bone broth3 cups water 2 teaspoons Italian seasoning 1 small pastured bone-in turkey thigh, about 3/4 pound 2 tablespoons grainy mustard 2 teaspoons powdered sage Sea salt, preferably iodized Cracked black pepper 4 to 6 tablespoons extra-virgin olive oil or truffle oil, for drizzling. San Pellegrino is my sparking water of choice. VEGAN VERSION: Omit the egg and substitute one VeganEgg. Unless youre using baby kale, remove thestems before chopping. This claim alone demonstrates how incredibly lost Gundry is. Miracle Rice is made from the konjac root, whose main ingredient is glucomannan, an amazing resistant starch that your gut buddies adore. You know what does help with the gut lining? Steven R. Gundry, M.D., F.A.C.S., F.A.C.C., is a cum laude graduate of Yale University with special honors in Human Biological and Social Evolution.After graduating Alpha Omega Alpha from the Medical College of Georgia School of Medicine, Dr. Gundry completed residencies in General Surgery and Thoracic Surgery at the University of Michigan and served as a Clinical Associate at the National . Although he has performed thousands of heart surgeries in his 40-year career, Dr. Gundry's focus, for the last 15 years, is empowering people through diet to reverse and prevent ailments. Using a pot holder, remove the mug from the microwave and invert, shaking out the muffin. A disclosure that foods you previously thought was healthy, are actually not, The illusion that hes doing us a favor by telling us a special secret that nobody else knows, An appeal to nature by touting natural ingredients in what amount to be useless supplements. defrosted and patted dry with paper towels 1 cup almond. Just like The Plant Paradox, Gundrys sales pitch has every red flag that ever existed: I think it goes without saying that a person or company that employs all of the above techniques to try and get you to buy something, is a person or company that you shouldnt pay attention to. that are unrelated to the content within the video. Recipes marked with an asterisk (*) contain chicken, fish, shellfish, or eggs. Get cooking! Again, be sure to get the ambassador discount,because this tasty treat doesnt come cheap and everythingis 30-50% off list prices when you buy through ambassadors like me. Lectins like ricin and phytohaemagglutinin can be toxic. Grease the bottom and sides of a 4 1/2-inch-diameter ramekin with the butter. NOTE: If you dont have an ice cream maker, put the ice cream mixture into a metal loaf pan or a glass or ceramic casserole pan and place in the freezer. Head to. Whisk the eggs and water together in a small bowl. . Gundrys content includes him calling bananas, the most dangerous health food. This is completely ridiculous, but I suppose its consistent with his understanding of nutrition. Walnuts, macadamia nuts, pistachios, and pine nuts, Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2020-2025, Dairy (other than the dairy products listed above), Certain nuts, including walnuts, macadamia, pine, and pistachios, Lectin Shield: Reduces your intake of lectins, which can impact your digestive tract, Primal Plants: Improves digestion, energy levels, and skin condition, Vitamin D 5000: Uses vitamin D to enhance bone strength and immunity, MitoX: Supports cellular mitochondria levels for boosted energy and overall wellbeing, 24 Strain Probiotic: Balances gut bacteria using a potent probiotic formula, PrebioThrive: Improves gut health using five prebiotics, ProPlant Complete Shake: Provides protein for bone, muscle, and heart health, Heart Defense: Supports blood flow to boost energy and eliminate brain fog, TriTrim: Helps your body resist fat, sugar, and carb absorption, E-Balance: Balances hormones for improved weight control and focus, MCT Wellness: Boosts metabolism, energy levels, and focus. Using a fork, whisk to combine and mash up any clumps of baking powder. Roast in the oven for 15 minutes, then shake the pan or, using a spatula, stir the okra. Everything is backed by the Gundry MD legendary 90 day money-back guarantee (hint: you can go though one or more bottles and return them empty). Using a whisk or a mixing bowl, or in a stand mixer with a paddle attachment, cream together the coconut oil and yacon syrup (or Swerve). According to Dr. Gundry, some 'nuts,' such as cashew nuts, are seeds, and peanuts are legumes, both of which are high in lectin and should be avoided. These are healthy, quality products with a blend of ingredients that provide maximum effect in a short period of time. You can also find a bottle at nearly every price point making them a popular choice. Okra is a natural born, 1 pound fresh or whole frozen okra, rinsed and patted dry, 1 to 2 tablespoons extra-virgin olive oil, 2 teaspoons fresh thyme, or 1/2 teaspoon dried thyme leaves, 1/2 teaspoon dried crushed or ground rosemary, 1/2 cup extra-virgin olive oil, plus additional for serving, 3 1/2 cups canned unsweetened, full-fat coconut milk or coconut cream , 1 teaspoon ghee or French or Italian butter, plus additional for oiling the pan, One 15-ounce can coconut milk or coconut cream, 3/4 cup Just Like Sugar, or 1/3 cup Swerve, 1 teaspoon instant coffee powder or finely ground espresso beans, 2 tablespoons (non-alkalized) unsweetened cocoa powder, 3 ounces (about one bar) 85% to 90% sugar-free dark chocolate, chopped. Dr Steven Gundry, M.D., is one of the biggest, and most controversial, names in the health world. If you struggle to find cassava flour, there are alternative options. I also cant write a piece on Gundry without including something about the kerfuffle that the amazing Dr. Jen Gunter had with him and Goop a few years back. 6. Or pulse it in a food processor, using the 8-blade and being careful not to overprocess it. Shred the turkey and return to the pot. Then out into slices 1/2 to 1 inch thick (steaks). And it tastes great to boot! Adjust the seasonings and serve with more olive oil. Place the chicken strips in the hot pan and sprinkle with the lemon juice and salt. But real nuts are low in lectins, such as pistachios, walnuts, and macadamia nuts. In a large bowl, mix together all the dry ingredients. MAKE THE DIPPING SAUCE. These can be consumed daily and have various health benefits. Whisk in coconut milk and set aside. The supplements fall into these categories: Below, we outline the supplements that help with digestion, prebiotic support, and weight control. I created this recipe in the fall, when I was feeling a little left out of pumpkin pie spice mania. Line the bottom with parchment, and set aside. Stir every 1/2 hour to break up ice crystals and keep stirring until desired consistency is reached. Remove from oven and cool for a few minutes before serving. My wife and I make raw taco meat with walnuts and mushrooms, so I decided to do a bloody burger using my taco recipe and adding red beets for the crimson hue. Fold in half and then reopen the foil. Check periodically, since they cook quickly. Let cool on a rack for 15 minutes before serving. Breakfast can be one of the toughest meals to change. Set the mixture aside. This is why they have the remarkable ability to make you feel full and satised for hours. Stir in the chocolate chips until well dispersed. Season with the remainingpinch salt. Phone: 77077330039. Unless the cauliower is completely dry, the pizza dough will be mushy. Toss the avocado in the remaining tablespoon lemon juice andseason with salt. Steven Gundry is a legitimate medical doctor, and like a few other MDs in the wellness sphere. The marine collagen adds fish protein. 1 week ago recipething.com Show details . ), I have to agree that this investment in my health is worth it. The Plant Paradox 3-Day Cleanse is relatively easy by cleansing standards, as you dont have to fast and there are some great meals included.
Dream Sneaking Into Someones House,
Striploin Vs Ribeye Calories,
Ralph Brown Nfl Salary,
Articles D