(b)(b)(b) sorrowfully ! Early on in World War II, received the, Promoted to General of the Army during the. Commanded the 6th Army Corps between 1940 and 1943. [citation needed], SHAEF commanders at a conference in London, Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force, 1951present: Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe/Allied Command Operations, 2017present: Military Planning and Conduct Capability. In September 1941, he received his first generals star with a promotion to brigadier general. Most senior German officer to die in a Soviet prison. In the White House from 1945 to 1953, Truman made the decision to use the atomic bomb against Japan, helped rebuild postwar Europe, worked to read more, Franklin D. Roosevelt was in his second term as governor of New York when he was elected as the nations 32nd president in 1932. until Brooke released Strong; Whitely then became deputy to G3. German Army officer whose expertise in defensive warfare earned him the nickname of the 'Fhrer's fireman'. Promoted welfare of ex-servicemen on release. Match these leaders of World War II with their descriptions. The European Union has established a Military Planning and Conduct Capability (MPCC), which is due to gain more tasks and may rival SHAPE's dominance as the primary forum for multinational European missions. Born to a farmer and a shoemaker in 1896, at the age of 19, he was conscripted into the military, serving in World War I and fighting for the Bolsheviks during the Russian Civil War. One command was given responsibility for operations, and one for transforming the military components of the alliance to meet new challenges. Joint Chiefs of Staff included William Leahy the chairman, George Marshall of the U.S. Army, Ernest King of the U.S. Navy, and Henry Arnold of the U.S. Army Air Forces. The occupation, led by the United States with support from the British Commonwealth and under the supervision of the Far Eastern Commission, involved a total of nearly 1 million Allied soldiers. Lt Gen. Daniel Sultan was promoted, from deputy commander of CBI to commander of US Forces, India-Burma Theater (USFIBT) and commander of the NCAC. This cartoon showing Hitler between two tanks was most likely drawn around the time of answer choices the Allied attack on Normandy. Franklin D. Roosevelt was the President of the United States of America and commander in chief of the armed forces. Despite his promotion 19 days earlier, and the subsequent Beauvais Conference of 3 April 1918, he was not provided a title. Retired in 1945, became Chairman of the Immigrants Selection Board from 1946 to 1948. Chief of the Navy General Staff, 19411944. General Officer Commanding, 10th Roiori Cavalry Regiment, Commanded the 10th Cavalry Regiment between 1941 and 1942. Allied forces faced rough weather and fierce German gunfire as they stormed Normandys coast. A chart showing the Anglo-American Chain of Command on June 6, 1944. (AP Photo) - 2NGGPCF from Alamy's . Italy was a huge whimp who caused more trouble for Germany than help. . The Commanders of World War II were for the most part career officers. Soviet captivity until 1953. Played a decisive role in the Winter War and the invasion of Poland. Organized pre-war buildup of the. READ MORE: How Gen. Eisenhower Spun a Humiliating WWII Defeat into Winning Military Strategy. Landed at Salerno in September 1943 and remained in Italy through the war. Briefly became President of Germany. Before World War II, Dietrich was very close to Hitler, and played a part in the. At the partys national convention that July, he won the Republican nomination on the first ballot. Justify. Who led the 1942 United States bombing attack on Tokyo during World War II? Committed suicide in 1944 during the battle of Saipan. After the defeat at Kursk, he successfully handled his army group retreat. Douglas MacArthur, (born January 26, 1880, Little Rock, Arkansas, U.S.died April 5, 1964, Washington, D.C.), U.S. general who commanded the Southwest Pacific Theatre in World War II, administered postwar Japan during the Allied occupation that followed, and led United Nations forces during the first nine months of the Korean War. 2023 A&E Television Networks, LLC. He maintained a liaison to SHAEF through Marie-Pierre Koenig of the Free French Forces in Britain. Responding to the establishment of NATO, the Warsaw Pact was established in 1955 along with their own posts of United Armed Forces Supreme Commander and Chief of Combined Staff. After proving himself on the battlefields of North Africa and Italy in 1942 and 1943, Eisenhower was appointed supreme commander of Operation Overlord-the Allied invasion of northwestern. British prime minister 3. the commander of the Allied invasion of France 4. Eisenhower was the Commander-in-Chief, Allied Force for the Mediterranean theatre. To preserve party unity, Eisenhower refrained from publicly criticizing McCarthy, though he privately disliked the senator and worked behind the scenes to diminish McCarthys influence and eventually discredit him. Its staff took the outline plan for Operation Overlord created by Lieutenant General Sir Frederick E. Morgan, Chief of Staff to the Supreme Allied Commander (Designate) (COSSAC), and Major General Ray Barker. Died in 1954 in a Soviet prison. He worked largely on his memoirs and would publish several books over the following years. As leader of all Allied troops in Europe, he led "Operation Overlord," the amphibious invasion of Normandy across the English Channel. Unlike policy debates in the United States, international debates focus more on the speakers' own knowledge than on documentation. Although he retired from the military in 1946, Brink led South Africa's demobilisation efforts from 1944 to 1948. Helped in the capture of Berlin, the capital of Nazi Germany. Arrested in 1948 and sent to the Soviet Union by the Americans. led the US bombing attack on Tokyo. McNaughton, Canadian Corps Commander, second from left, Prime Minister Winston Churchill, and Gen. Charles de Gaulle, right, Commander of the Free French Forces, pose at a Canadian Corps Headquarters on Feb. 20, 1941 during World War II. Defence Commissar till 19 July 1941. Served the Vichy France government and was tipped to become Ptain's successor. This former infantry school instructor entered the war under Patton, later becoming his boss. Operational commander at the pivotal Battles of Coral Sea and of Midway; nephew of Admiral Frank Friday Fletcher. During the Second World War, Georgy Zhukov was the most famous and most important Russian commander. As a moderate Republican, Eisenhower was able to achieve numerous legislative victories despite a Democratic majority in Congress during six of his eight years in office. They were forced to adapt to new technologies and forged the direction of modern warfare. Until late 1944 that the land forces chain of command was clarified, after Stilwell was recalled to Washington. Eisenhower 4. Henry L. Stimson was Secretary of War from 1940 until 1945. General Dwight D. Eisenhower was appointed the Supreme Allied Commander of the Allied Expeditionary Force during World War II. Did you know? He replaced General Archibald Wavell. An aristocrat and senior commander in World War I. the liberation of a concentration camp How did the U.S. government respond to Nazi persecution of the Jews during World War II? AirOfficer Commanding, No. Was commander of, After liberating Europe, served as Army Chief of Staff, president of, In December 1943, President Roosevelt decided that Eisenhowernot Marshallwould be, Tasked with rebuilding Japan after the war. MacArthur. their conquest of North Africa and the halting of Hitler's armies by Russia. Organised the Mannerheim Line in the Karelian Peninsula. Chief of the OKW during World War II. Defeated the Germans in North Africa. An aggressive general whose ferocious military thrusts earned him admiration and respect from many participants in the war (and at times endangered his military career). The longest and most severe economic downturn ever experienced by the industrialized Western world, the Great Depression began in 1929 and lasted until about 1939. Antonyms Supreme Allied Commander is the title held by the most senior commander within certain multinational military alliances. Died in 1959 in Vancouver, British Columbia. In 1954, in the case of Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, the U.S. Supreme Court had ruled that school segregation was unconstitutional. Deputy Commander of RAF in the Middle East. As the Supreme Commander of Allied Forces in the European theater, Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower is remembered as one of the most masterful military figures in history, the man behind the bold. A noteworthy scientist and inventor of a direction finding device for artillery, a precursor to Radar. Franklin D. Roosevelt was the President of the United States of America and commander in chief of the armed forces. Middle East Command, later Middle East Land Forces, was a British Army Command established prior to the Second World War in Egypt.Its primary role was to command British land forces and co-ordinate with the relevant naval and air commands to defend British interests in the Middle East and eastern Mediterranean region.. During the Second World War, Middle East Command supervised military . After the surrender of Germany, SHAEF was dissolved on 14 July 1945. From 1951 to 2003, SHAPE was the headquarters of Allied Command Europe (ACE). Through various configurations in 1944 and 1945, the Twelfth US Army Group controlled the majority of American forces on the Western Front. Winston Churchill was the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and minister of defence. In your own words, summarize the overall strategy involved in defeating the Germans in Europe from when the U.S. entered the war, until after D-Day. Under the rising threat of Soviet nuclear weapons technology, Eisenhower and Secretary of State John Foster Dulles did succeed in strengthening NATO and in creating the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO) to combat communist expansion in that region. Was promoted to major general in 1944 and commanded the, General Officer Commanding, 4th Mountain Division. The last British soldier to evacuate Dunkirk, replaced Auchinleck from command at North Africa, and turned the tide in the Allies' favour. Died under mysterious circumstances in 1974. The plane carrying him was shot down in 1943. At the Potsdam Conference in July 1945, General Eisenhower was among those who opposed the use of the atomic bomb against the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. 1. These science quizzes will test your knowledge of everything in between. Staged a successful invasion of Italy, and as Commander-in-Chief of Allied Forces liberated it in 1944 before becoming Supreme Commander of the Allied Forces Headquarters, responsible for all military operations in the Mediterranean Theatre. On the home front, where America was enjoying a period of relative prosperity, Eisenhower strengthened Social Security, created the massive new Interstate Highway System and maneuvered behind the scenes to discredit the rabid anti-Communist Senator Joseph McCarthy. British 2nd Tactical Air Force and the U.S. 9th Air Force reported to AEAF. That process was shaped by Eisenhower and the land forces commander, General Sir Bernard Law Montgomery, for the initial part of the invasion. He was the Commanding General of the U.S. Army Air Forces during World War II. Became a, Commander of the Vichy French forces in North Africa until 1942, then commander of the. By December 1944, SHAEF had established itself in the Trianon Palace Hotel in Versailles, France. Declared unfit for field duty and recalled to South Africa. Chief of Staff of the Soviet Navy, Deputy People's Commissar of the Navy, People's Commissar of the Navy during The Second World War, Chief of Staff of the Soviet Air Force, deputy commander of the Air Force, Commander of the Air Forces of the Soviet Union, Chief of General Staff and then Commander in Chief, Commander-in-chief of Australian Armed Forces and commander-in-chief of Allied Land Forces in the, Later Chief Justice of Australia. During his presidency, Eisenhower managed Cold War-era tensions with the Soviet Union under the looming threat of nuclear weapons, ended the war in Korea in 1953 and authorized a number of covert anti-communist operations by the CIA around the world. During his seven years serving under MacArthur, Eisenhower was stationed in the Philippines from 1935 to 1939. What he witnessed was horrible. https://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/dwight-d-eisenhower. . Died in 1952 in Boston, Massachusetts. Chief of the defense of Italy against the allies during the prolonged battles of, An ace of World War I and winner of the prestigious. Japan was occupied and administered by the victorious Allies of World War II from the 1945 surrender of the Empire of Japan at the end of the war until the Treaty of San Francisco took effect in 1952. The attack on Tokyo surprised the Japanese because they were told the U.S. planes could not get close without detection. [1] Southwick House was used as an alternative headquarters near Portsmouth. On June 25, 1942, General Dwight D. Eisenhower becomes commander of all U.S. troops in the European theater of World War II, continuing the steady ascent in military rank that would culminate in his appointment as supreme Allied commander of all forces in Europe in 1943. Chairman of the General Board, retired in 1947. Witnessing what caused the Commander of Allied Forces in World War II to make this statement? Under the slogan I Like Ike and with Senator Richard M. Nixon of California as his running mate, Eisenhower then defeated Adlai Stevenson to become the 34th president of the United States. Commander-in-Chief of Kriegsmarine 19431945. Succeeded Risto Ryti as President of Finland. Konev was also a competitor of Marshal Georgy Zhukov. During the invasion of southern France, the 6 AG was under the command of the Allied Forces Headquarters (AFHQ) of the Mediterranean Theatre of Operations, but after one month command passed to SHAEF. Died in 1958. Are you ready to test your knowledge about all things science? Air force Commander working with famous Major General, A veteran of World War I and air ace. Commanded the, Commanded the Bucharest Military between 1941 and 1943. Quiz 1: World Wa, US History 6- Korean Conflict:Cold War Become, Vietnam: Fighting Communism In Southeast Asia, SOS American History-Unit 8: A Nation At War, Eric Hinderaker, James A. Henretta, Rebecca Edwards, Robert O. Self, John Lund, Paul S. Vickery, P. Scott Corbett, Todd Pfannestiel, Volker Janssen. Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek was named the Supreme Commander of Allied forces in the China war zone (CBI) on 1942. An Eagle Scout from Tennessee assigned to pilot one of the greatest leaders of the Allied Forces. Commanded the successful airborne operations in the. 14 Midway ultimately signaled the transition from defense to a new and important phase in the US strategy to counter Two last-minute problems in the American attack on Tokyo included: lack of nighttime hours and not enough gas. A bet between WWII commanders. He was extremely influential in the development of the Finnish Army's artillery. Manchester was also assigned the following topics, for which they had 90 minutes to prepare: Resolved: that this House welcomes the fall of Communism. This is important because the Doullens Conference of 26 March was kept a secret until 30 March, and still not known to most of the army once it was published. This article is about the commander of Allied forces in Europe. The event is about more than debating; it's about learning. 231 Group SAAF, General Officer Commanding, 2nd New Zealand Division, Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief, Western Desert Air Force, Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief, Northwest African Tactical Air Force, AirOfficer Commanding, RAF Second Tactical Air Force, Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief, Air Headquarters Egypt, Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief, Air Headquarters Malta, Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief, Middle East Command, Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief, Air Command South East Asia, Prime Minister of the Polish government-in-exile, Commander-in-Chief, Polish Armed Forces in the West, Minister of National Defense of the Provisional Government of the Republic of Poland, Commander, American-British-Dutch-Australian Land Command, Commander, American-British-Dutch-Australian Sea Command, Commander-in-Chief of the Yugoslav Partisans, Founder of Democratic Federal Yugoslavia and the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Commander-in-Chief of the National Revolutionary Army, Chairman of the Military Affairs Commission, Director of the Reich Security Main Office, Commander-in-Chief, Army Group North Ukraine, Acting Chief of the Oberkommando des Heeres, Minister of National Defense of the Italian Social Republic, Commander-in-Chief of Italian forces in North Africa, Chief of Imperial Japanese Army General Staff, Commander-in-Chief, Southern Expeditionary Army Group, Commander, Central China Expeditionary Army, Commander-in-Chief, China Expeditionary Army, Chief of Imperial Japanese Navy General Staff, Commander-in-Chief, Yokosuka Naval District, Commander-in-Chief, Sasebo Naval District, Commander-in-Chief of Central Pacific Area Fleet and 14th Air Fleet, Commander-in-Chief of Romanian Armed Forces, General Officer Commanding, Mountain Corps, General Officer Commanding, Romanian Fourth Army, General Officer Commanding, Capital Military Command, Learn how and when to remove these template messages, Learn how and when to remove this template message, General Officer Commanding, 3rd Infantry Division, General Officer Commanding-in-Chief, British Army of the Rhine, Military Governor of British Occupation Zone in Germany, Knight Grand Cross of the Most Honourable Order of the Bath, Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath, General Officer Commanding-in-Chief, British Expeditionary Force, Mediterranean and Middle East theatre of World War II, Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief, RAF Fighter Command, Lord High Commissioner to the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland, Provisional Government of the French Republic, Commander, 15th Motorized Infantry Division, Commanding General, European Theater of Operations, European Theater of Operations United States Army, Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe, United States Military Advisor to the Philippines, South West Pacific theatre of World War II, Commanding General, 82nd Airborne Division, Commanding General, Desert Training Center, Commander-in-Chief, United States Atlantic Fleet, Commander-in-Chief, United States Pacific Fleet, Chief of the United States Army Air Forces, Chief of Staff of the United States Air Force, Chief of the General Staff of the Red Army, 20th Presidium of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Supreme Commander of the Unified Armed Forces of the Warsaw Treaty Organization, Chief Marshal of Aviation of the Soviet Union, Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire, Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath, Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire, General Officer Commanding, Second Australian Imperial Force, General Officer Commanding, 18th Infantry Brigade, Deputy Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief RAF Middle East, Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief Middle East, General Officer Commanding, 1st Canadian Infantry Division, President of the United Nations Security Council, Chief of the Air Staff of the Royal Canadian Air Force, Companion of the Order of the British Empire, General Service Officer Grade 1, 1st Infantry Division, General Officer Commanding, 1st Infantry Brigade, South African National Museum of Military History, General Officer Commanding, 3rd Infantry Brigade, Commandant General of the Union Defence Force, Chief of the General Staff of the Union Defence Force, Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George, General Officer Commanding, New Zealand Expeditionary Force, General Inspector of the Polish Armed Forces, Commander-in-Chief, Polish Armed Forces in the East, Provisional Government of the Republic of Poland, Commander, Independent Operational Group Polesie, Commander-in-Chief, 1st Czechoslovak Army Corps in the Soviet Union, Czechoslovak military units on the Eastern front, the Commander's Cross of the Cross of Valour, Commander, National Republican Greek League, Commander, Greek People's Liberation Army, Chief of Defence of the Netherlands Armed Forces, Commander-in-Chief, Royal Netherlands East Indies Army, Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Netherlands Lion, Commander, American-British-Dutch-Australian Combined Striking Force, Commander of the Chetnik Detachments of Yugoslav Army, President of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia, Commander-in-Chief, Chinese Expeditionary Force, Marshal of the People's Republic of China, Chief of Navy of the Republic of China Navy, Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords, Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oakleaves and Swords, Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oakleaves, Swords and Diamonds, Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves, SS-Oberst-Gruppenfhrer und Generaloberst der Waffen-SS, 1st SS Panzer Division Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler, Reichsmarschall of the Greater German Reich, Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oakleaves, Knight of the Supreme Order of the Most Holy Annunciation, Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus, Grand Officer of the Military Order of Savoy, Commander, Italian Expeditionary Corps in Russia, Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic, Governor of the Italian Islands of the Aegean, Commander of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus, Commander-in-Chief, Higher Forces Command Albania, the armistice between Italy and the Allied armed forces, Grand Officer of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus, Grand Officer of the Order of the Crown of Italy, Quadrumvir of the Grand Council of Fascism, Chief of Staff of the Royal Italian Air Force, Allied invasion of the Japanese home islands, Commander, 3rd Imperial Infantry Regiment, Director of the Imperial Japanese Navy Aviation Bureau, Chief of General Staff of the Royal Hungarian Army, Hungarian occupation of Yugoslav territories, the invasion and occupation of the Shan States in Burma, General Officer Commanding, Romanian Third Army, General Officer Commanding, 1st Romanian Army, General Officer Commanding, Field Army Bernolk, Grand Cross of the Order of the Cross of Liberty, Commander-in-Chief of the Finnish Defence Forces, Finnish reconquest of the Karelian Isthmus (1941), Finnish reconquest of Ladoga Karelia (1941), "Fleet Admiral Halsey Jr Profile at Naval Historical center", "Dcs du Colonel E. Speller, Aide de Camp de S. A. R. Madame la Grande-Duchesse de Luxembourg:", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Commanders_of_World_War_II&oldid=1142837599. Since 2003 it has been the headquarters of ACO, controlling all NATO operations worldwide. Aside from sending combat troops into Lebanon in 1958, he would send no other armed forces into active duty throughout his presidency, though he did not hesitate to authorize defense spending. Churchill 3. WUDO, followed by SHAPE, were in many respects the successors to SHAEF. Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe, United States Army Center of Military History, "U.S. Army Europe and Africa Mission & History", Records of Supreme Headquarters, Allied Expeditionary Force, Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Library, Papers of Ernest R. "Tex" Lee, military aide to General Eisenhower, 19421945, Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Library, Papers of Thor Smith, Public Relations Division, SHAEF, Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Library, Daily Battle Communiques, SHAEF, June 6, 1944 May 7, 1945, BBC WW2 People's War article on Uxbridge SHAEF and London Bushey, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Supreme_Headquarters_Allied_Expeditionary_Force&oldid=1142351710, Deputy Chief of Staff (Chief Administrative Officer), Secretary, General Staff: Colonel Ford Trimble. Eighth United States Army. [clarification needed] His overall role, and the CBI command were then split among three people: Lt Gen. Raymond Wheeler became Deputy Supreme Allied Commander South East Asia; Maj. Gen. Albert Wedemeyer became Chief of Staff to Chiang, and commander of US Forces, China Theater (USFCT). SHAPE is currently the headquarters of NATO's Allied Command Operations (ACO). After graduating from the United States Military Academy at West Point in 1903, Douglas MacArthur fought in World War I, and in World War II was the commander of Allied forces in. Eisenhowers Early Life and Military Career, Dwight D. Eisenhower: Legacy and Post-Presidential Life, How Gen. Eisenhower Spun a Humiliating WWII Defeat into Winning Military Strategy. Early career Hitler 5. Commanded by Mark W. Clark to November 1944 and Lucian Truscott through the end of the war. Fighter ace during the First World War. Deputy of the Chief of the General Staff of the Red Army. Became a diplomat, postings in Czechoslovakia, Netherlands and Japan. Officer Commanding the South African Army College from 1944 to 1945, before being appointed in command of Northern Command in 1945. Ernest King was Commander in Chief of the United States Fleet (1941-45) as well as Chief of Naval Operations (1942-45) and Fleet Admiral (from 1944). Died in 1980, Prime minister of Japan and President of the. In 1952, with Trumans popularity sagging during the ongoing war in Korea, leading Republicans approached Eisenhower and persuaded him to make a run for president. Italian dictator in World War II 9. He was the one who accepted the German cessation of hostilities in his . Dwight D. Eisenhower, in full Dwight David Eisenhower (see Researcher's Note), (born October 14, 1890, Denison, Texas, U.S.died March 28, 1969, Washington, D.C.), 34th president of the United States (1953-61), who had been supreme commander of the Allied forces in western Europe during World War II. Royal Air Force Bomber Command reported to SHAEF and was led by Arthur Harris. Fought in, Commander of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire. Since 1967 it has been located at Casteau, north of the Belgian city of Mons,[14] but it had previously been located, from 1953, at Rocquencourt, next to Versailles, France. 21st Army Group reported to SHAEF and was led by Bernard Montgomery. Allied Commanders of World War II (Men-at-Arms) Paperback - January 25, 1990 by Anthony Kemp (Author), Angus McBride (Illustrator) 5 ratings See all formats and editions Paperback $19.00 33 Used from $4.03 7 New from $6.99 1 Collectible from $20.00 The Second World War, unlike the First, fostered the projection of 'characters'. After leaving office in January 1961, he retired to his farm in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. The Commanders of World War II were for the most part career officers. As a cardinal leader, General Eisenhower coined the historical term . Commander-in-Chief of the German Army 19381941. United States president 1. Eisenhowers parents originally gave him the same first name as his fatherDavid. In November 1942, he became Commander, Thirteenth Naval District and Commander, Northwestern Sea Frontier. Charles de Gaulle was the President of the French Committee of National Liberation. The Italian front is considered a separate but related theater. The correct answer is commander of the US 12th Army Group in 1944 The supreme commander was Dwight Eisenhower, while Bradley controlled the 12th army group after his success in Normandy. In terms of 141-414 below, choose the best synonym for each capitalized Manstein captured Sevastapol and was responsible for shoring up the Southern Front after the defeat at Stalingrad. Oversaw the creation of the Weygand line, an early application of the, Built up the French Navy to prepare for war, only to see it destroyed by the British Navy.
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